Babylon

Capital of the Neo-Babylonian Empire and one of the ancient world’s greatest cities. Babylon is central to biblical history as the site of the Jewish exile and serves as a powerful symbol of worldly power, idolatry, and opposition to God.

Located on the Euphrates River in Mesopotamia (modern Iraq), Babylon reached its zenith under Nebuchadnezzar II (605-562 BCE). The king built magnificent structures including the famous Hanging Gardens (one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World), the Ishtar Gate, and massive city walls. Archaeological excavations have confirmed Babylon’s extraordinary scale and splendor.

In 586 BCE, Nebuchadnezzar’s armies destroyed Jerusalem and the First Temple, carrying the Jewish elite into Babylonian captivity. This 70-year exile profoundly shaped Jewish identity, theology, and scripture. The prophets Jeremiah, Ezekiel, and Daniel ministered during this period, with Daniel serving in Babylon’s royal court.

Babylon represents more than a geographical location—it becomes a theological symbol throughout Scripture. In Revelation, “Babylon the Great” personifies corrupt worldly systems opposed to God’s kingdom. The fall of historical Babylon to the Persians in 539 BCE, ending the exile, foreshadows the ultimate defeat of all powers that defy God.